Introduction: NGO Performance and Accountability - Michael Edwards and David Hulme; Part One - Conceptual Frameworks; 1) Why NGOs Are Not a Third Sector: A Sectoral Analysis with Some Thoughts on Accountability, Sustainability, and Evaluation - Norman Uphoff; 2) Negotiating Room to Maneuver: Reflections Concerning NGO Autonomy and Accountability within the New Policy Agenda - Stephen D. Biggs and Arthur D. Neame; 3) Board Games: Governance and Accountability in NGOs - Rajesh Tandon; Part Two - Case Studies ; 4) Scaling Up, Mainstreaming, and Accountability: The Challenge for NGOs - Frits Wils; 5) European NGOs and Democratization in Central America: Assessing Performance in Light of Changing Priorities - Kees Biekart; 6) From Accountability to Shared Responsibility: NGO Evaluation in Latin America - Hector Bejar and Peter Oakley; 7) Accountability and Participation: A Case Study from Bombay - Vandana Desai and Mick Howes; 8) Strategies for Monitoring and Accountability: The Working Women's Forum Model - Janaki Ranesh; 9) NGO Accountability in Bangladesh: Beneficiaries, Donors, and the State - Syed M. Hashemi; 10) NGOs in Bangladesh: Issues of Legitimacy and Accountability - Mahbubul Karim; 11) "Return to the Roots": Processes of Legitimacy in Sudanese Migrant Associations - David T. Pratten and Suliman Ali Baldo; 12) NGOs and Development in East Africa: A View from Below - Zie Gariyo; Part Three - Ways Forward ; 13) Assessing NGO Performance: Difficulties, Dilemmas, and a Way Forward - Alan F. Fowler; 14) Painting Canadian Roses Red - Ian Smillie; 15) Accountability and Effectiveness in NGO Policy Alliances - Jane G. Covey; 16) Participatory Methods for Increasing NGO Accountability: A Case Study from India - Parmesh Shah and Meera Kaul Shah; 17) Transforming the Transnational NGOs: Social Auditing or Bust? - Simon Zadek and Murdoch Gatward; 18) The Primacy of the Personal - Robert Chambers; 19) Beyond the Magic Bullet? Lessons and Conclusions - Michael Edwards and David Hulme